Overview of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

The 1987 Philippine Constitution is the foundational legal document of the Republic of the Philippines, established following the People Power Revolution of 1986. It serves as a critical framework for governance, civil liberties, national sovereignty, and the rule of law. This constitution was ratified on February 11, 1987, and is rooted in democratic principles, striving to ensure justice, freedom, and equality for all citizens. Below is a summary of its significant features.

Key Features of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Preamble

The Preamble outlines the purpose of the Constitution, emphasizing the sovereignty of the people and their commitment to democracy, as well as a collective aspiration for a just and humane society.

Article I: The National Territory

• Defines the national territory, including land, waters, and airspace.
• Affirms the country’s rights over its resources.

Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies

1. Affirms the Philippines as a democratic and republican state.
2. Highlights respect for the Philippine Constitutional Convention and the family as the basic autonomous social institution.
3. Encourages the promotion of social justice in all phases of national development.

Article III: Bill of Rights

This section protects the fundamental rights of individuals. Key provisions include:

• The right to due process
• The right to freedom of expression
• The right to privacy
• The right against unreasonable searches and seizures

Article IV: Citizenship

Defines who are considered citizens of the Philippines and outlines the process for naturalization.

Article V: Suffrage

Ensures the right of citizens to vote in elections and mandates the state to promote and protect this right.

Article VI: Legislative Department

Establishes a bicameral Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It defines the powers and responsibilities of lawmakers.

Article VII: Executive Department

Defines the executive branch, led by the President, which is responsible for enforcing laws and administering the government.

Article VIII: Judicial Department

Provides the framework for the judiciary, ensuring an independent system of courts to uphold justice and protect rights under the law.

Benefits of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

• Promotion of Democracy: Guarantees participation in governance through free elections.
• Protection of Rights: Safeguards civil liberties and human rights, promoting dignity and respect.
• Rule of Law: Maintains order and ensures justice is served fairly and impartially.
• Social Justice: Encourages equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Practical Tips for Understanding the Constitution

1. Read the Constitution: Familiarize yourself with its articles and provisions.
2. Engage in Discussions: Participate in community forums or online discussions about constitutional issues.
3. Follow Current Events: Stay informed about how the Constitution impacts current legal cases and government actions.
4. Educational Resources: Utilize platforms that offer lectures and readings on constitutional law.

Case Studies of Constitutional Application

1. Landmark Decision on Reproductive Health

The Supreme Court upheld certain provisions of the Reproductive Health Law, emphasizing the balance between individual rights and state interests.

2. Prohibition Against Political Dynasties

The ongoing debate around Article II, Section 26 regarding political dynasties showcases the practical application of constitutional principles in modern governance.

First-Hand Experiences: Voices from the Community

Several Filipino citizens share their stories of how the 1987 Philippine Constitution has impacted their lives:

Table: Summary of the 1987 Philippine Constitution Key Articles

Article	Subject	Importance
I	National Territory	Defines territorial boundaries for governance.
II	Principles and Policies	Guides the direction of government functions.
III	Bill of Rights	Protects individual freedoms and rights.
VI	Legislative Department	Establishes the basis for law-making.
VII	Executive Department	Covers the powers of the President and governance.
VIII	Judicial Department	Ensures the independence of the judiciary.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the significance of the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

The 1987 Philippine Constitution is significant as it establishes the democratic framework and ensures the protection of human rights, promoting justice and equity.

How can I learn more about the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

Consider reading scholarly articles, attending webinars, or participating in community discussions centered around constitutional issues for a deeper understanding.

How does the Constitution relate to current legal matters?

The Constitution serves as the foundation for legal arguments and government policies, influencing landmark cases and legislative debates in the Philippines.